People of any age can develop mesenteric artery ischemia (MAI), but it’s most common in adults over 60 years of age.

MAI may occur with cardiovascular disease. The mesenteric arteries that deliver blood to your intestines branch off from the aorta, the heart’s main artery. The buildup of fatty deposits, called atherosclerosis, can lead to heart disease. This kind of heart disease usually occurs in combination with changes in the aorta and the vessels that branch off of the aorta.

High cholesterol contributes to the ischemia because it causes plaque to line your arteries. This plaque buildup causes narrowing of the vessels and reduces the blood flow to your intestines. You’re more likely to develop atherosclerosis if you smoke, have diabetes, have high blood pressure, or have high cholesterol.

Blood clots can block the mesenteric arteries and reduce blood flow to the digestive tract. A blood clot is a group of blood cells that stick together. Blood clots can also increase your risk of stroke if they travel to the brain. Birth control pills and other medications containing estrogen can increase your risk of developing blood clots.

Cocaine and methamphetamine use can also lead to ischemia in some people. These drugs cause your blood vessels to narrow.

Blood vessel surgery is another possible cause of ischemia. Surgery can create scar tissue that narrows the arteries.