Most often a small rectal prolapse does not require any intervention or treatment, just monitoring. Making some simple dietary changes can help stop the progression of prolapse. Increasing your fluid and fiber intake will help to decrease the amount of time you spend straining on the toilet to pass a bowel movement. 

In some cases, surgical correction of the prolapse is required. The majority of healthy adults will require general anesthesia for this (you are put to sleep for the surgery by an anesthesiologist). There are several different ways that your surgeon can surgically correct the prolapse, but most techniques involve removing a small portion of your colon and reattaching it to your anus. This is a major surgery that requires a hospitalization; discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.