To determine if someone has vaginal cancer, we perform a physical examination, including a pelvic exam, and ask questions about a person’s medical history. We then use advanced diagnostic procedures and technology to effectively diagnose, inform treatment and carefully monitor the condition. Diagnostic procedures can include:

Pap test: In this test, a sample of cells is taken from the outside of the cervix and vagina and examined under the microscope for cancer cells.

Colposcopy: During this test, the physician swabs the walls of the vagina with a special solution that makes abnormal cells easy to view. The physician then uses a special lighted magnifier, called a colposcope, to view the walls of the cervix and vagina. Removal of cells, also called a biopsy, can be done during this procedure. A pathologist views the cells under a microscope to look for cancer cells.

Imaging tests: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps to locate and determine the size of a vaginal tumor. If needed, dye is injected through a vein to create contrast for a clearer view of the tumor. Other imaging studies may include X-rays, a computerized tomography (CT) scan or a positron emission tomography (PET) scan.