The exact cause of BDD is not known. One theory suggests the disorder involves a problem with the size or functioning of certain brain areas that process information about body appearance. The fact that BDD often occurs in people with other mental health disorders, such as major depression and anxiety, further supports a biological basis for the disorder.
Other factors that might influence the development of or trigger BDD include:
Experience of traumatic events or emotional conflict during childhood
Low self-esteem
Parents and others who were critical of the person's appearance
Pressure from peers and a society that equates physical appearance with beauty and value also can have an impact on the development of BDD.