Children with NF1 should be checked for height, weight, head circumference, evidence of normal sexual development, signs of learning disability and/or behavioral issues. They should receive an examination of the skin for growths, spots, scoliosis, blood pressure, vision and screening for hearing loss. Any unusual growth patterns are generally investigated. Early or late onset of puberty also may indicate further study. Diagnostic evaluations such as blood tests and X-rays may be ordered if there are additional concerns. Healthy children with NF1 are usually examined at six or 12-month intervals.

Adults with NF1 generally have standard physical evaluations and an examination of the skin for growths, spots, scoliosis, blood pressure, vision and screening for hearing loss. Physicians should also be on the lookout for any new or enlarging mass or any new symptoms in general. Adults with NF1, who are otherwise healthy, usually have annual checkups.

There is no known treatment or cure for neurofibromatosis, nor for schwannomatosis. In some cases, growths may be removed surgically or reduced with radiation therapy. Surgery in these areas may cause further injury to nerves and additional neurological problems. The benefits of surgery should always be weighed against its risks. Likewise, in situations where radiation treatment is an option, the risks and benefits must be carefully considered.