The source is from the crystals prepared from the ore Borax. The medicinal material is mainly produced in the areas of Tibet and Qinghai of China. The crude or calcined one is used for medication.

Medicinal Properties: Sweet and salty in flavor, cool in nature, and attributive to the lung and stomach meridians.

Actions: Clear away heat and toxin (external use) ; clear away lung heat and eliminate phlegm (oral use).

Application
1. It is used for aphthae, sore throat, conjunctivitis and nebula. In treating thrush, it is used together with Xionghuang (Realgar), Bingpian (Borneolum) and Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), such as Sibao Dan (Bolus). In treating sore throat, it is often used in combination with Bingpian (Borneolum), Xuanmingfen (Natrii Sulfas Exsiccatus), Zhusha (Cinnabar), such as Bing Peng San (Powder). In treating conjunctivitis and nebula, it is prepared to be a water solution as eyewash, or used together with Luganshi ( Calamina ), Bingpian ( Borneolum ) , and Xuanmingfen (Natrii Sulfas Exsiccatus ) , such as Bailong Dan (Bolus).
2. For cough due to phlegm-heat with yellow, sticky and thick sputum that is not easy to expectorate out, it is often used in combination with Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori Radicis ), Beimu ( Bulbus Fritillariae ), and Gualou ( Fructus Trichosanthis ) , etc..

Usage and Dosage: For external use, the fine powder can be applied to the local area or used with water. The amount should be proper. 0.6 -1.5 g is taken as a dose in pill or powder for oral use.

Notes: It is usually used externally but should be taken with caution for oral use.