Calculus Bovis (Niuhuang)

Distribution:
All parts of China

Properties (characteristics):
Bitter, sweet, cool

Channels (meridians) entered:
Heart, liver
 
Actions & Indications:
Anti-inflammatory, anti-fever, anti-bacterial, opens the orifices, awakens the spirit, rid of phlegm,.

For high fever with delirium and Infantile Convulsion due to hot diseases with hot phlegm, for chronic sore throat, for abscesses that have ripen and ruptured.

Clears the heart, liver, relieves toxicity, rid of wind and tremors. For Infantile Convulsion with high fever due to liver heat.

Medical Function:
Bilirubin (10 to 50%) 
biliverdin 
conjugated bile acid 
cholic acid (0.7%) 
deoxycholic acid 
chenodeoxycholic acid 
lithocholic acid 
sterocholic acid 
sterocholic acid 
cholesterol (2.5- 4.8%) 
fatty acid  (1-2.1%) 
ergosterol 
lecithine (0.17-0.2%) 
vitamin D  

Dosage:
0.15 ～ 1 g
  
Cautions:
Not to be used by pregnant women or those with pixu (spleen deficient) (spleen deficiency) and stomach deficient and cold.