Infection is the prominent reason behind the occurrence of Dysuria. Bacteria gains access through local contamination and enter into the affected areas. The regular bacterium causing Dysuria is Escherichia coli. Many times Dysuria is also an early indication of genital herpes. The severity and type of infection differs according to the area of genitourinary tract affected. While in women  it can occur  because of sexual intercourse, in men over 50, it could be due to an enlarged prostrate or infection in the prostate. Some of the various forms of Dysuria include:
--Prostatitis
--Urethritis
--Pyelonephritis
--Vulvitis
--Vaginitis
--Cervicitis

What are the Other Causes of Painful Urination (Dysuria)?
There are many other reasons other than the frequent ones mentioned above that can cause Dysuria. In postmenopause phase, women can develop Dysuria due to a decrease in the estrogen hormone in the body, leading to lower urinary dysfunction. Other reasons can be quite varied such as renal calculi, bladder cancer, horse riding, cycling  which is a mechanical tear in the tissue in the urethral region that can cause urethral trauma.  While excess use of sprays, toilet paper, soap can dry out the urethral region which can cause Dysuria. In rare conditions, stress can  be one of the causes but chemotherapy and medications mostly lead to dryness in the vagina causing Dysuria.