The kidney is the prenatal base of life, source of reproduction and connected with the thoroughfare and conception vessels. Only when kidney qi is sufficient, can menstruation come, the conception vessel be free in circulation and the thoroughfare vessel keep predominant. Such a condition is also essential to the physiological activities of menstruation, pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding. Insufficiency of kidney qi or consumption of kidney yin or decline of kidney yang or asthenia of both yin and yang will prevent tiangui from occurring or lead to senilism and disturbance of the thoroughfare and conception vessels, consequently resulting in disorders related to menstruation, leukorrhea, pregnancy, delivery and lactation. 

So kidney-invigorating is the basic therapeutic method in treating gynecological diseases, especially for the treatment of young woman whose kidney qi is not sufficient yet. Kidney-invigorating methods include warming kidney to reinforce yang, nourishing kidney to enrich yin, fostering yin to suppress yang or nourishing both yin and yang that are selected according to the pathological conditions.

The kidney and the liver are all located in the lower energizer; the kidney essence and liver blood share the same origin. So kidney yin can nourish liver yin and prevent liver yang from becoming hyperactive. Liver blood and kidney essence are closely related to menstruation, pregnancy, delivery and breast-feeding. 

Clinically deficiency of kidney yin may lead to asthenia of both liver and kidney yin, eventually resulting in irregular menstruation or even amenorrhea and menopausal syndrome; deficiency of kidney yin fails to nourish wood and leads to hyperactivity of liver fire, consequently bringing about profuse menstruation, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, or even dizziness during menstruation due to liver yang transforming into wind; failure of the liver to convey and disperse may lead to consumption of yin by stagnant fire with the involvement of the kidney, frequently resulting in liver stagnation and kidney asthenia which bring about scanty menstruation, delayed menstruation,  amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. Such disorders should be treated by regulating both the liver and the kidney.