Neutropenia is treated depending on its cause and the severity of the case. Patients who have an ongoing infection are administered a round of antibiotics, and if there are any medications which bring about the disease itself, they are immediately stopped.

Patients who have acquired Neutropenia through chemotherapy for cancer treatments are prescribed with sargramostin (Leukine, Prokin), a blood growth factor that acts to stimulate the production of white blood cells. Neutropenia caused by pesticide exposure will be as simple as removing the patient from the environment where pesticide is prevalent.

For patients who have acquired Neutropenia due to a nutritional deficiency or a poor diet, the doctor may recommend B-complex vitamins and folic acid supplements, as well as a diet rich in green leafy vegetables and other foods rich in Vitamin B and folic acid.

Other treatments for Neutropenia include spleen removal for patients who incur repeat infections because of Felty's syndrome (a combination of an abnormally low white blood cell count, an enlarged spleen and rheumatoid arthritis); stool softeners to remedy constipation; medicated ointments and creams for infected wounds and abrasions; colony-stimulating growth factors to induce white blood cell production; corticosteroid treatment for Neutropenia caused by an autoimmune reaction; Antithymocyte globulin to treat symptoms of aplastic anemia, and even bone marrow or stem cell transplant to treat more severe cases of Neutropenia like leukemia or aplastic anemia.