Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), a nonatherosclerotic vascular disease also known as Buerger disease, is characterized by the absence or minimal presence of atheromas, segmental vascular inflammation, vaso-occlusive phenomena, and involvement of small and medium-sized arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities. The condition is strongly associated with heavy tobacco use, and progression of the disease is closely linked to continued use. The main symptoms of TAO are rest pain, unremitting ischemic ulcerations, and gangrene of the digits of hands and feet.