This means chronic arthritis due to osteoarticular hyperplasia and hypertrophy with retrograde degeneration and chondronecrosis. It may occur in the spine and articulations of the whole body. The causative factors are congenital maldevelopment, deficiency of the kidney qi, asthenia of the liver and kidney, injury from external forces, and invasion by exogenous wind, cold and dampness. It belongs to the category of Bi-syndrome, and pain of the neck, shoulder, waist and leg in TCM. Included are interlumbar articular syndrome, hyperplastic spondylitis, spinal canal stenosis, and osteoarthropathy of the hip, knee and ankle joints.