Syndrome differentiation and treatment
The therapeutic principles mainly include warming the middle energizer to dispel cold, promoting digestion to remove food retention, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, warming the middle energizer and tonifying the asthenic organ.
1. Attack on the abdomen by cold
Main symptoms and signs: Abdominal pain with frequent onset relieved by warmth, pale complexion, cold limbs, cold sweat occurring on the forehead in severe pain, cyanotic lips and complexion, or vomiting, diarrhea, profuse and clear urine, red tongue with whitish and slippery fur, deep-wiry-tight pulse.
Therapeutic method: Warming the middle energizer to dispel cold.

2. Infantile food retention
Main symptoms and signs: Abdominal distension and pain worsened under pressure, eructation with fetid odour, acid regurgitation, foul and sour breath, anorexia, stool, frequent onset of breaking wind, or abdominal  with the desire for defecation, pain relieved by diarrhea vomiting of sour and spoiled food, red tongue with and greasy fur, deep and slippery pulse.
Therapeutic methods: Promoting digestion, removing food retention, promoting qi circulation to check pain.

3. Blood stasis due to qi stagnation
Main symptoms and signs: Prolonged abdominal pain, and worsened under pressure, stabbing pain with fixed site or palpable mass, dark purplish tongue with petechiae, and unsmooth pulse.
Therapeutic methods: Promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and promoting qi circulation to kill pain.

4. Abdominal pain due to asthenic cold
Main symptoms and signs: Dull abdominal pain with intercurrent onset relieved by warmth and pressure, pale complexion, listlessness, poor appetite, cold limbs, loose stools, light red tongue with pale fur, deep and slow pulse.
Therapeutic methods: Warming the middle energizer, tonifying the asthenic organ, relieving spasm and pain.