1. Syndrome of Asthenia of the Liver and Kidney
Main Symptoms and Signs: Gradual diminishment of vision or even blindness, pale or wax yellow optic disc and filthy retina with pigmentation under the ophthalmoscope, accompanied by the general symptoms of dizziness, tinnitus, sleeplessness, dreaminess, lassitude in loin and legs, spermatorrhea and night sweat; pale reddish tongue with whitish thin coating and deep thin pulse.

2. Syndrome of Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney Yang
Main Symptoms and Signs: Gradual diminishment of vision or even blindness, pale optic disc under the ophthalmoscope; accompanied by the general symptoms of pale complexion, cold body, lassitude in loin and legs, short breath, fatigue, poor appetite and loose stool; a pale tongue with whitish coating and a deep thin pulse.

3. Syndrome of Stagnancy of Liver Qi
Main Symptoms and Signs: Dim eyesight, pale optic disc with clear or unclear boundaries under the ophthalmoscope, often accompanied by the general symptoms of dizziness with a distending sensation in the eye, irritability, fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, bitter taste in the mouth and dry throat; pale or thin yellowish tongue coating and thready or rapid pulse.

4. Syndrome of Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis
Main Symptoms and Signs: Blurred vision or visual injury even with the loss of light perception due to the trauma in head and eye, fundus findings including pale optic disc and obviously thinned vessels of retina, often accompanied by a general sign of blood stasis after trauma; dim-pale tongue with ecchymosis and thin whitish coating and thready unsmooth pulse.

5. Syndrome of Obstruction of Excessive Wind and Phlegm
Main Symptoms and Signs: Abrupt attacking with sudden diminishment of vision, the ophthalmoscope findings including pale optic disc with clear or unclear boundaries and thinned retinal vessels, accompanied by the general symptoms of obesity physique, dizziness, headache, vertigo, chest distress, facial hemiparalysis or hemiplegia; whitish greasy or pale yellowish tongue coating and thready rapid pulse.