Syndrome differentiation and treatment
In clinic, the disease is mainly classified into the syndromes of asthenia of the liver and kidney, deficiency of spleen and kidney yang, stagnation of liver qi, stagnancy of qi and blood stasis, and obstruction of excessive wind and phlegm. In the syndrome differentiation, asthenia and sthenia or deficiency and excess should be discriminated, and the treatment, in accordance with the causes of the disease, should be put on the reinforcing and reducing methods, supported with the drugs of dredging meridians and inducing resuscitation.

1. Syndrome of Asthenia of the Liver and Kidney
Main Symptoms and Signs: Gradual diminishment of vision or even blindness, pale or wax yellow optic disc and filthy retina with pigmentation under the ophthalmoscope, accompanied by the general symptoms of dizziness, tinnitus, sleeplessness, dreaminess, lassitude in loin and legs, spermatorrhea and night sweat; pale reddish tongue with whitish thin coating and deep thin pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: Nourishing the liver and kidney and improving eyesight by resuscitation.

2. Syndrome of Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney Yang
Main Symptoms and Signs: Gradual diminishment of vision or even blindness, pale optic disc under the ophthalmoscope; accompanied by the general symptoms of pale complexion, cold body, lassitude in loin and legs, short breath, fatigue, poor appetite and loose stool; a pale tongue with whitish coating and a deep thin pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: Nourishing the spleen and kidney and warming yang for resuscitation.

3. Syndrome of Stagnancy of Liver Qi
Main Symptoms and Signs: Dim eyesight, pale optic disc with clear or unclear boundaries under the ophthalmoscope, often accompanied by the general symptoms of dizziness with a distending sensation in the eye, irritability, fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, bitter taste in the mouth and dry throat; pale or thin yellowish tongue coating and thready or rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: Relieving stagnated liver qi.

4. Syndrome of Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis
Main Symptoms and Signs: Blurred vision or visual injury even with the loss of light perception due to the trauma in head and eye, fundus findings including pale optic disc and obviously thinned vessels of retina, often accompanied by a general sign of blood stasis after trauma; dim-pale tongue with ecchymosis and thin whitish coating and thready unsmooth pulse.
Therapeutic Method: Removing blood stasis and meridian obstruction by activating qi and blood circulation.

5. Syndrome of Obstruction of Excessive Wind and Phlegm
Main Symptoms and Signs: Abrupt attacking with sudden diminishment of vision, the ophthalmoscope findings including pale optic disc with clear or unclear boundaries and thinned retinal vessels, accompanied by the general symptoms of obesity physique, dizziness, headache, vertigo, chest distress, facial hemiparalysis or hemiplegia; whitish greasy or pale yellowish tongue coating and thready rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: Removing wind and phlegm and dredging meridians to improve visual acuity.