Syndrome differentiation and treatment
The therapeutic principles of the disease mainly include warming yang to induce diuresis with the therapeutic methods of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney, warming yang and inducing diuresis, nourishing the liver and kidney as well as supplementing qi and tonifying yin respectively according to the different syndromes.

1. Qi deficiency of the spleen and kidney
Main symptoms and signs: Pale or sallow complexion, mild edema often worsened by physical overstrain or cold, scanty urine, dizziness, hypodynamia, poor appetite, loose stools, pale or pale and flabby tongue with whitish and thin fur and thready pulse without force.
Therapeutic methods: Strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney as well as excreting dampness to relieve edema.

2. Yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney
Main symptoms and signs: Severe general edema, especially below the waist with hollow under pressure, epigastric and abdominal distension, or accompanied by hydrothorax, ascites in severe cases, scanty urine, cough with dyspnea, inability to lie flat, listlessness, cold limbs, pale and tender tongue with possible dental marks, whitish and slippery fur, deep-thready and weak pulse.
Therapeutic methods: Warming yang and inducing diuresis.

3. Yin deficiency of the liver and kidney
Main symptoms and signs: Facial edema, severe edema of lower limbs, chief complaint of dizziness and tinnitus in elder children, palpitation, insomnia, dysphoria with feverish chest, palms and soles, flushed cheeks, night sweat, red tongue with a little fur, taut and thready pulse.   
Therapeutic methods: Tonifying the liver and kidney, calming the liver and suppressing yang.

4. Deficiency of both qi and yin
Main symptoms and signs: Edema or no edema, lustreless complexion, dysphoria, poor sleep, listlessness, hypodynamia, low fever in the afternoon or at night, or feverish palms and soles, dry mouth and throat, red tongue with a little fur, thready and weak pulse.
Therapeutic methods: Supplementing qi and nourishing yin.