1. Incoordination Between the Liver and Stomach
Chief Manifestations: Distention in the gastric area, intermittent dull pain radiating to the hypochondriac regions, belching with foul smell of undigested food, anorexia, or vomiting, nausea, pale tongue with thin and white coating, thready and wiry pulse.

2. Stomach Heat Damaging Yin
Chief Manifestations: Burning pain in the gastric area aggravated after meals, gastric discomfort, dryness in the mouth, feverish sensation in the soles, palms and chest, dry stools, anorexia, red tongue with little coating, thready and rapid pulse.

3. Internal Stagnation of Blood and Toxic Substance 
Chief Manifestations: Localized pricking pain in the gastric area and even cutting pain, abdominal mass with tenderness, or haematemesis, hematochezia, squamous and dry skin, purple tongue or dark spots on the tongue, deep, thready and unsmooth pulse.

4. Accumulation of Phlegm and Dampness
Chief Manifestations: Fullness and pain in the chest, vomiting of phlegm, abdominal distention, diarrhea, swelling of the lymph nodes, pale tongue with smooth and greasy coating and deep,  thready and soft-superficial pulse.

5. Yang Deficiency of the Spleen
Chief Manifestations: Dull gastric pain which is relieved by warmth and pressure, or vomiting of retained food, vomiting of clear fluid, pale complexion, lassitude, cold limbs, loose stools, edema, pale and swollen tongue with teeth marks and white, moist and smooth coating, deep and slow or deep, thready and soft-superficial pulse.