In TCM, liver cancer is included in the categories of "zheng ji" (abdominal mass) and "huang dan" (jaundice). It is the result of a blending disorder of qi, blood, dampness, heat, blood stasis and toxic substance, which is caused by deficiency of qi and blood in zang-fu organs, spleen deficiency with accumulation of dampness, phlegm stagnation and blood stasis, invasion and retention of exogenous pathogenic factors as well as impairment by emotional upsets with mental depression. The diseased location is the liver, with the spleen, gallbladder and stomach involved. Deficiency of visceral qi and blood is the principal aspect; a blending disorder of qi, blood, dampness, heat, blood stasis and toxic substance is the secondary aspect.