1. Invasion by Wind and Overflow of Water
Chief Manifestations: Acute onset, edema starting from the eyelids, followed by four limbs and the whole body, aversion to cold, fever, soreness of the limbs and joints, dysuria, etc. In cases with predominant wind heat, there may also be swelling and pain in the throat, red tongue, superficial, smooth and rapid pulse. In cases with predominant wind cold, aversion to cold, cough, dyspnea, thin white tongue coating, and superficial, smooth or superficial, tense pulse may be present.

2. Retention of Noxious Dampness
Chief Manifestations: Edema of the eyelids followed by generalized edema, dysuria, pyogenic infection, or even ulceration of skin, fever with aversion to wind, red tongue with thin yellow coating, and superficial, rapid or smooth, rapid pulse.

3. Retention of Water and Dampness   
Chief Manifestations: Pitted edema of the whole body, scanty urine, heaviness of the body, feeling of oppression in the chest, poor appetite, nausea, greasy white tongue coating, and deep, even-soft pulse.

4. Excess of Damp Heat
Chief Manifestations: General edema with the skin shiny and taut, fullness in the chest and abdomen, restless fever, thirst, scanty deep yellow urine, or dry stools, red tongue with yellow greasy coating, and deep, rapid or soft-superficial, rapid pulse.

5. Deficiency of Spleen Yang
Chief Manifestations: General pitted edema which is more pronounced below the loins, abdominal flatulence, impaired appetite, loose stools, lusterless complexion, lassitude, cold limbs, small amount of urine, pale tongue with greasy white coating or smooth white coating, and deep, even-soft or deep, weak pulse.

6. Deficiency of Kidney Yang  
Chief Manifestations: General pitted edema which is more pronounced below the loins, palpitation, short breath, soreness and heaviness in the loins, decreased quantity of urine, cold limbs, aversion to cold, lassitude, pale or grayish dim complexion, pale and swollen tongue with white coating, deep and thready or deep, slow and forceless pulse.