Syndrome differentiation and treatment
1. Syndrome of insufficiency of brain marrow
Main symptoms and signs: Vertigo and tinnitus with repeated onset, hypoacusis, listlessness, aching pain of loins and knees, red tongue with scanty fur, thready and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic methods: Nourishing yin and kidney, replenishing essence and marrow.

2. Syndrome of qi deficiency of upper energizer
Main symptoms and signs: Repeated onset of vertigo, lustreless complexion, low voice, scanty food intake, loose stool, pale tongue with whitish fur, thready and weak pulse.
Therapeutic methods: Nourishing qi and blood, sending up lucid yang.

3. Syndrome of cold water invading the upper
Main symptoms and signs: Frequent onset of vertigo, palpitation, cough, expectoration with whitish colour, lumbago, cold back, cold limbs, listlessness, frequent nocturnal urination with profuse quantity and clear quality, pale tongue with whitish fur, deep and thready pulse.
Therapeutic methods: Warming the kidney and strengthening yang, inducing diuresis and checking vertigo.

4.  Syndrome of liver yang stirring the upper
Main symptoms and signs: Severer vertigo and booming tinnitus which occur after depression and anger, headache, bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, conjuncrival congestion, restlessness, red tongue with yellowish and thin fur and taut pulse.
Therapeutic methods: Nourishing yin to suppress yang, calming the liver to stop wind.

5. Syndrome of turbid phlegm blocking middle energizer
Main symptoms and signs: Vertigo, tinnitus, vomiting with sputum and saliva, head distension, thoracic tightness, anorexia, lassitude, whitish and greasy fur, soft and slippery or taut and slippery pulse.
Therapeutic methods: Strengthening the spleen to remove phlegm, sending up lucid yang.