This means the disorder of metabolism of bone minerals or bone matrix, and the resultant symptoms and signs due to biochemical and morphological changes of bone tissues. Clinically, there may occur osteoperosis, growth disorder and maldevelopment of the bone or osteonecrosis. The pathogeneses are weakness of the bone and tendon due to congenital defect, injury of body and mind involving the five zang-organs due to mental and physical or sexual overstrain, and failure of the spleen and stomach to generate qi and blood for nourishing the bone caused by injury from improper diet. Clinically, common diseases are rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, parathyroid dysfunction, renal osteodystrophy and osteonecrosis.
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