During the period of the Wei, Jin, Sui, Tang dynasties and the Five dynasties, along with the continuous development of economy and culture, gradual enrichment of medical experience and improvement of medical theory, the medicine had been increasingly become specialized. There were remarkable progress and improvements in both clinic diagnostics and therapeutic technique of orthopedics and traumatology. The orthopedics and traumatology thus became an independent subject.

Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty, in his work of Zhouhou Jiucu Fang (A Handbook of Prescription for Emergency) recorded intraoral reduction for dislocation of temporomandibular joint, and splintage for the fracture.

Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty, in the treatment of dislocation of temporomandibular joint, applied kirotherapy and hot compress after reduction in order to promote recovery of articular function. Xianshou Lishang Xuduan Mifang (Secrets of Treating Wounds and Bone-Setting Handed Down by the Fairy) written by Lin Daoren is the earliest extant monograph in orthopedics and traumatology in China. In this book, the therapeutic principle for treating fracture was expounded as reduction, splintage, functional exercise and medication.