Laukopenia is usually referred to deficiency syndrome, or deficiency accompanied by excess syndrome. Clinically, it is divided into five types, namely, deficiency of spleen qi and stomach qi, deficiency of both the heart and spleen, deficiency of spleen yang and kidney yang, deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin and deficiency of healthy qi and excess of pathogenic factors. As for the treatment, it should primarily aim at replenishing qi and blood as well as benefiting the liver and kidneys.

Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment
1. Deficiency of Spleen Qi and Stomach Qi
Chief Manifestations: Sleepiness, lassitude, shortness of breath, dislike for speaking, weakness of four limbs, loss of appetite, abdominal distension and fullness, loose stools, pink and swollen tongue with teeth marks on its margin, thin and white or thick and white coating, and weak pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To invigorate the spleen, nourish the stomach and replenish middle energizer qi.

2. Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen
Chief Manifestations: Sallow complexion, lassitude, poor appetite, loose stools, palpitation, shortness of breath, insomnia, amnesia, pale swollen tongue with thin and white coating, thready and weak pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To replenish qi, nourish blood, invigorate the spleen and nourish the heart.

3. Deficiency of Spleen Yang and Kidney Yang
Chief Manifestations: Pale complexion, listlessness, aversion to cold, cold limbs, pain and coldness over the back and loins, copious clear urine or frequent urination at night, dyspeptic diarrhea, impotence, nocturnal emission, praecox ejaculation, pale swollen tongue with teeth marks on its margin, white coating and deep, evensoft pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To replenish qi, invigorate the spleen, warm the kidney and strengthen yang.

4. Deficiency of Liver Yin and Kidney Yin
Chief Manifestations: Dizziness, tinnitus, dry eyes, flushed cheeks, dry mouth and throat, soreness and weakness in the loins and knees, feverish sensation of the palms, soles, and chest, night sweating, nocturnal emission in males, scanty menstruation in females, red margin and tip of the tongue with little coating, thready and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To replenish essence, nourish blood, and tonify the kidney and liver.

5. Deficiency of Healthy Oi and Excess of Pathogenic Factors
Chief Manifestations: Persistent sthenic fever, flushed face, red eyes, swollen and painful throat, extreme thirst, irritability, even mania and delirium, dry stools, scanty dark urine, crimson tongue with yellow coating, bounding and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To clear away heat and toxic substances, and support healthy qi to eliminate pathogenic factors.