1. Pain due to blood stasis and swelling
Main symptoms and signs: Swelling of nose, subcutaneous cyanosis, marked pain and tenderness, subcutaneous cyanosis and swelling of the socket of eyeball and eyelid also seen in severe cases, deep red tongue or with the purpura, whitish thin fur, taut and tense pulse.

2. Injury of skin and muscle
Main symptoms and signs: In mild cases, the surface is abrasive and blood oozes from it; in severe cases,skin and muscle are ruptured, even partially exfoliative and defective, with local bleeding and pain. Local red swelling, pain and suppuration will occur several days after the opening of wound is infected. The tongue is red with yellowish fur and the pulse is rapid.

3. Fracture of bridge of nose
Main symptoms and signs: The nose is painful after the trauma and will be swollen in several hours, with skin cyanosis. The bridge of nose is obviously swollen and painful or with the pitting and deviation. X-ray film sees fracture of nasal bone. The tongue is dark red with whitish thin fur and the pulse is taut or unsmooth.

4. Rhinorrhage due to nasal injury
Main symptoms and signs: Trauma of nose, ruptured skin and muscle of nose, or fracture, complications of intranasal rupture of blood vessels and bleeding with
profuse quantity and bright red colour, red tongue with whitish thin fur and taut pulse.