Backache:
Backache with inability to stretch or bend the back is often caused by impairment of the governor vessel; backache involving the neck is usually caused by retention of wind cold in the taiyang meridian; aching pain of the shoulder and back is usually caused by obstruction of wind and dampness which obstruct the meridians.

Lumbago:
Pain over the spine or over the waist and sacrum is often caused by obstruction of cold and dampness, or obstruction of the meridians by blood stasis, or asthenia of the kidney. Lumbago involving the lower limbs is often caused by retention of cold dampness in the meridians which stagnates qi and blood. Stiff and painful loins due to falling or sprain marked by immobility and inflexibility are usually caused by obstruction of blood stasis. Dull pain over the sides of waist with slow onset is usually due to asthenia of the kidney.

Pain of the limbs:
Pain of the limbs is usually caused by invasion of wind, cold and dampness, or by accumulation of damp heat which obstructs the circulation of qi and blood. Pain of the limbs may result from weakness of the stomach and the spleen which fail to transport cereal nutrients to the four limbs. Pain over the heel or aching pain over the legs and knees is usually due to asthenia of the kidney, often seen in the aged and weak people.

General pain:
General pain in the new disease is usually of sthenia syndrome due to attack by pathogenic wind, cold and dampness. General pain in prolonged disease is of asthenia syndrome due to deficiency of qi and blood which fails to nourish the body.