Medicine in the periods of the Song and Yuan Dynasties had taken on an aspect of contention of a hundred schools of thought and flourishment; bringing about a great advance in orthopedics and traumatology.

Medical institution in the Song Dynasty was composed of nine departments, of which there was swelling and abscess department. In the chapter Xingshi Buyi of the Volume 19 of the book Yijianzhi, there were records of surgical cases similar to allogeneic transplantation of jawbone in modern medicine. In the book, Xiyuan Jilu (Records of Washing Away the Injustice), the first valuable monograph of forensic medicine in China, there were many records of methods for examining traumas.

In the medical institution of the Yuan Dynasty, there was bone-setting department. Wei Yilin who wrote Shiyi Dexiao Fang (Effective Formulas Tested by Physicians for Generations) had made great achievements in orthopedics and traumatology. He systematized great achievements in orthopedics and traumatology. He systematized orthopedic and traumatological experience before the Yuan Dynasty, and created and developed a lot, making the methods and principles for treating fracture and dislocation perfect. He is the first person in the world who applied suspensory reduction for treating spine fracture, at least 580 years earlier than Davis who started the method in 1927.