The differentiation of hemorrhagic syndrome is to determine whether the case is the excess or deficiency type. The cases caused by hyperactivity of fire are referred to the excess type; while those caused by deficiency of yin with hyperactivity of fire or failure of deficient qi to control blood are referred to the deficiency type. But excess and deficiency types often transform into each other. For instance, initially, adverse rising of qi by hyperactivity of fire leads to reckless movement of blood, but with the recurrence of bleeding, deficiency of blood occurs, resulting in accumulation of deficient fire inside the body; or impairment of qi by profuse bleeding causes deficiency of qi and yang, which fails to control the blood.

In addition, with the accumulation of extravasated blood in the tissue spaces or stagnation of blood in the channels and viscera, blood stasis comes into being, which prevents the production of new blood and obstructs the circulation of qi and blood. As far as the treatment is concerned, it should primarily aim at dealing with blood, fire and qi. The treatment for blood includes controlling bleeding with astringents, by cooing blood and by eliminating blood stasis; the treatment for fire includes clearing away heat to purge fire for the case of excess-fire and nourishing yin to subdue fire for the case of deficient-fire; the treatment for qi includes clearing away heat from qifen and send the adverse qi downward for the excess type, and replenishing and warming qi for the deficiency type.