Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment
1. Epistaxis
(1) Pathogenic Heat Attacking the Lung
Chief Manifestations: Dry nose, nasal bleeding, dry mouth and throat, or feverish body, cough with scanty sputum, red tongue with thin coating, and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To clear away lung heat and cool blood to stop bleeding.

(2) Excess of Stomach Heat
Chief Manifestations: Bleeding in the nose or gum with bright red blood, thirst with a desire for drink, dry nose and mouth, foul breath, restlessness, constipation, red tongue with yellow coating, rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To purge stomach fire and cool blood to stop bleeding.
 
(3) Flaming-up of Liver Fire
Chief Manifestations: Nasal bleeding, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, restlessness, irritability, red eyes, bitter mouth, red tongue with yellow coating, wiry and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To purge liver fire and cool blood to stop bleeding.

2. Gingival Hemorrhage
(1)Hyperactivity of Stomach Fire
Chief Manifestations: Bleeding from gum with bright red blood, inflammation of gum, headache, foul breath, red tongue with yellow coating, and bounding and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To purge stomach fire and cool blood to stop bleeding.
 
(2) Hyperactivity of Fire due to Deficiency of Yin
Chief Manifestations: Bleeding from gum with pink blood, gradual onset frequently induced by the attack of heat and overstrain, loose teeth, red tongue with little coating, thready and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To nourish yin, subdue fire and cool blood to stop bleeding.

3. Hemoptysis
(1) Dryness Heat Impairing the Lung
Chief Manifestations: Itching of the throat, cough with bloody sputum, dry mouth and nose, or feverish body, red tongue with reduced saliva, yellow and thin coating, rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To clear away heat, moisten the lung and calm the vessels to stop bleeding.

(2) Liver fire Attacking the Lung
Chief Manifestations: Paroxysmal cough with blood-tinged sputum or bright red blood, distending pain over the chest and hypochondrium, restlessness, irritability, bitter mouth, red tongue with yellow and thin coating, wiry and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To purge liver fire, disperse lung heat and cool blood to stop bleeding.

(3) Lung Heat due to Yin Deficiency
Chief Manifestations: Cough with scanty bloodtinged sputum, or recurrent spitting of bright red blood, dry mouth and throat, flushed cheeks, hectic fever, night sweating, red tongue, thready and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To nourish yin, moisten the lung, calm the vessels to stop bleeding.

4. Hematemesis
(1) Excess of Stomach Heat
Chief Manifestations: Distention and fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen, even with pain in severe cases, spitting of bright red or dark purple blood often with food residue, foul breath, constipation, black stools, red tongue with yellow and greasy coating, smooth and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To clear away stomach heat, purge fire and resolve blood stasis to stop bleeding.

(2) Liver Fire Attacking the Stomach
Chief Manifestations: Spitting of bright red or dark purple blood, bitter mouth, pain over the hypochondria, restlessness, irritability, insomnia, dreamfulness, crimson tongue, wiry and rapid pulse.
Therapeutic Methods: To purge liver fire, clear away stomach heat and cool blood to stop bleeding.